Universität Bayreuth

Research Report 1999 - 2001 > Research Institutes Collaborative Research Centres ¦ deutsch

		Collaborative Research Centre 560: Local Action in Africa in the Context of Global Influences Special Features The Humanities Collaborative Research Centre of the University of Bayreuth started officially on 1 July 2000. In its structure and goals the Centre represents a new focus in the Collaborative Research Centres (Sonderforschungsbereiche: SFB) financed by the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: DFG). The special features of the Humanities Collaborative Research Centre lie in the specific thematic and structural criteria: a transdisciplinary approach, international cooperation and internationalisation of research with regard to the choice of the topic, as well as academic programmes aimed at strengthening support for younger scholars. Fifteen disciplines participate in the Centre: African Languages, Arabic Language, African Art, Development Sociology, Social Anthropology, English Linguistics, History of Africa, Comparative Law/Private International Law, Islamic Studies, Cultural Geography, African Languages Literature, Plant Physiology, Religious Studies, Religious Socialisation, and Social Geography. In addition, the Centre is linked to the University's newly established Bachelor's and Master's degree programmes in Africa-related studies. The aim of the Centre is to examine local action in the context of global influences. 'Local' is understood as a constantly changing social and spatial context. The Centre focuses on current situations, but comparisons are made with past phenomena. In contradistinction to the usual perspective in globalisation paradigms, we emphasize the historical dimension of globalisation processes understanding them as global tendencies. Furthermore, we also do research on the processes of indirect globalisation, that is, processes by which globalisation does not directly affect the local, but rather changes the relationships between local unities. Field research in Africa is basic to the Centre. By way of concrete examples, the various projects will demonstrate how social interactions take on new dimensions and meanings and are transformed because of changing living conditions in African rural and urban communities as a result of globalisation. Organisation The Centre consists at the moment of fifteen projects, which address different aspects of the larger theme. The projects have been grouped into three sub-thematic units. These are in short: 'Local Vitality', 'Cultural Syncretisation' and 'Global Reference Systems'.Presently there are 50 researchers in the Programme (24 who are financed by the University and 26 by the DFG). The Centre succeeds the Collaborative Research Centre 214 'Identity in Africa' (1984-1997) and the Graduate College 'Intercultural Relations in Africa' (1990-1999), and thus is the third research programme supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). It co-operates with the Institute for African Studies (IAS), which has been leading and co-ordinating the African Studies research and teaching programmes since 1990. The 3 Project Groups A Local Vitality and Localising the Global B Processes of Cultural Syncretisation C Contrasting Local Agency with Global Reference Systems Professor Dr. Gerd Spittler Professorin Dr. Gudrun Miehe Tel: +921/55-2088 Fax: +921/55-2085 e-mail: sfb-fk560@uni-bayreuth.de Internet: http://www.uni-bayreuth.de/sfbs/sfb-fk560/ Scientists: Dr. Adogame, Afeosemime afe.adogame@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5018 Ajibade, G. Olusola george.ajibade@hotmail.com Bartha, Ingo ingo.bartha@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-2177 Prof. Dr. Beck, Erwin erwin.beck@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-2630 Beez, Georg Jigal Jigal@hotmail.com Jigal.beez@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5433 Prof. Dr. Berner, Ulrich ulrich.berner@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5069 Prof. Dr. Bochinger, Christoph christoph.bochinger@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5080 Dr. Broß, Michael michael.bross@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5422 Dr. Bühler-Probst, Brigitte brigitte.buehler@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-2085 PD Dr. Diawara, Mamadou pointsud@afribone.net.ml mamadou.diawara@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5532 Dr. Dombrowsky-Hahn, Klaudia klaudia.dombrowsky-hahn@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-3580 Dougnon, Isaie pointsud@afribone.net.ml Prof. Dr. Förster, Till till.foerster@unibas.ch (0921) 55-3681 u. (0921) 55-3680 Dr. Gottschligg, Peter peter.gottschligg@univie.ac.at Gräbner, Werner Wgraebner@aol.com (06209) 8784 Dr. Hahn, Hans P. hans.hahn@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-4120 Hassan, Jidda hassan@unimaid.edu.ng Prof. Dr. Ibrahim, Fouad fouadnibrahim@aol.com fouad.ibrahim@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-2277 Prof. Dr. Ibriszimow, Dymitr dymitr.ibriszimow@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55- 3581 Prof. Dr. Khamis, Said A.M. sam@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-3598 Kolbusa, Stefanie s_kolbusa@hotmail.com stefanie.kolbusa@uni-bayreuth.de Kopatsch, Karina karina.kopatsch@gmx.de (0921) 55-5424 Kouressy, M. pointsud@afribone.net.ml Prof. Dr. Lange, Dierk dierk.lange@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-3582 PD Dr. Loimeier, Roman roman.loimeier@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-3548 Prof. Dr. Miehe, Gudrun gudrun.miehe@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-3557 Prof. Dr. Müller-Mahn, Detlef muellermahn@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-2278 Prof. Dr. Neubert, Dieter dieter.neubert@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-4119 Prof. Dr. Owens, Jonathan jonathan.owens@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-3554 Palme, Armand Pakia, Mohamed Prof. Dr. Popp, Herbert herbert.popp@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-2271 PD Dr. Probst, Peter peter.probst@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-3682 Rinn, Ulrich ulrich_rinn@hotmail.com (0921) 55-3582 Rothmaler, Eva af0a032@uni-hamburg.de (040) 39903652 Prof. Dr. Rottland, Franz rottland@hotgossip.co.ke (0921) 55-3556 Scherer, Christine christine.scherer@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-3682 Prof. Dr. Schmid, Hans-Jörg hans-joerg.schmid@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-3564 Scholze, Marko marko.scholze@stud-uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5426 Dr. Schubert, Klaus Klaus.Schubert@vka.fak12.uni-muenchen.de (089) 21782622 Dr. Schulz-Burgdorf, Ulrich schulz.burgdorf@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5423 Dr. Seesemann, Rüdiger ruediger.seesemann@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5437 Sippel, Harald harald.sippel@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-3515 Slezak, Gabriele fanta_kone@hotmail.com Prof. Dr. Spellenberg, Ulrich ulrich.spellenberg@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-2900 Prof. Dr. Spittler, Gerd gerd.spittler@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-4133 Ukah, Asonzeh Franklin-Kennedy frankkennedyu@yahoo.com (0921) 55-5045 Verne, Markus markus.verne@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5436 Volk, Anette anette.volk@epost.de PD Dr. Wanitzek, Ulrike ulrike.wanitzek@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-2903 Dr. Weißköppel, Cordula Cweisskoeppel@uni-bayreuth.de (0921) 55-5427 Prof. Dr. Winter, J. Christoph JCWinter@uni-bayreuth.de winterbt@hotmail.com (0921) 55-5062 Under Participation of: Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenphysiologie Professur für Sozialgeographie und Regionalgeographie Afrikas Lehrstuhl für Zivilrecht IV (Bürgerliches Recht, insbes. Internationales Privatrecht und Rechtsvergleichung) Lehrstuhl für Englische Sprachwissenschaft Lehrstuhl für Afrikanistik I Lehrstuhl für Islamwissenschaft unter bes. Berücksichtigung Afrikas Professur für Arabistik Lehrstuhl für Ethnologie Professur für Geschichte Afrikas Professur für Entwicklungssoziologie Iwalewa-Haus, Afrikazentrum der Universität Bayreuth Professor of Anthropology Professor of Literature in African Languages Chair of Regional Development Studies Chair of Urban and Rural Geography Department for the Study of Religion Professor of Religious Socialisation and Adult Education Chair of Africanistics II Projects Project A1 The Effects of Globalization Processes on the Vitality of Languages in West African Cities Fields of specialisation: African and Arabic Languages, Socio-Linguistics Starting on the assumption that globalization makes itself felt most directly in urbanStarting on the assumption that globalization makes itself felt most directly in urban areas, the current project examines the effect of globalization on language in West African urban areas. In African cities, massive and rapid growth implies a dramatic increase in multilinguality and language contact, which raises the question whether long term trends point to linguistic homogenization or the maintenance of linguistic diversity. We proceed on the assumption that globalization leads at least in the near term to a hierarchicalized diversity of languages in urban areas, and, relying on basic precepts of linguistic vitality theory, attempt to describe the linguistic configurations in both social and structural terms resulting from urban language contact. A doubly contrastive approach is followed. First, two urban areas, Maiduguri in Northeast Nigerian and Banfora in Southwest Burkina Fasso have been chosen, cities with contrastive histories and different linguistic vitality profiles. Generalizations, or the lack thereof, will emerge from the comparative cases studies between the two cities. Secondly, different languages within each city will be examined (e.g. Hausa vs. Shuwa Arabic vs. Kanuri in Maiduguri) in order to define local linguistic hierarchies. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Prof. Dr. Gudrun Miehe, Prof. Dr. Jonathan Owens, Dr. Klaus Schubert Dr. Michael Broß, Dr. Klaudia Dombrowsky-Hahn, Gabriele Slezak Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project A2 Ethno-tourism: Europeans among the Berbers and Tuareg Fields of specialisation: Geography (Cultural Geography, Geography of Tourism), Area Geography, Social Anthropology This project brings social anthropologists and cultural geographers together to seek to demonstrate the relationship between the construction of ethnicity and tourism drawing on the example of "Berbers" and "Tuaregs". Those two related African ethnic groups, i.e. Berbers and Tuaregs, are perhaps among the best known in Europe. A form of ethno-tourism concentrating on Berbers and Tuaregs was developed in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Niger. Four case studies (spread equally over the forementioned countries) are to be undertaken with the aim of looking into patterns of interaction between tourists and locals. The research is expected to make a contribution towards an understanding of this underresearched area of ethno-tourism, its economic effects and relationship to earlier educational travel travel science. Beyond tourism as such, the project is expected to contribute to the debate about "the construction of ethnicity". Berbers and Tuaregs live as minorities in their countries. Tourism possibly contributes to the creation of a specific identity. On the basis of these comparative case studies an attempt shall be made to ascertain ethnic (Berber and Tuareg) and national (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Niger) variations. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Project Leaders: Prof. Dr. Herbert Popp, Prof. Dr. Gerd Spittler Ingo Bartha, Marko Scholze Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project A4 Local Consumption in a Global Context: Consumption and Commodity Procurement in Three West African Societies Field of specialisation: Social Anthropology While over the past 20 years consumption research in anthropology has experienced a major revival, there are many questions which remain open, especially with regard for the Third World. This project will look into the various dimensions of consumption at the household level: practical usage, meaning, status of things. The project concerns itself with commodities procured from outside and goods produced locally. At the same time, it also attends to the question of how dealing with "global goods" differs from dealing with locally made objects. The connection between procurement of commodities and consumption will be equally discussed. The study is designed to be comparative with regard to 1.ethnic and regional differences (Kel Ewey and Tuaregs in Nigeria, Hausa in Niger and Nigeria, Kassena in Burkina Faso); 2.extent of supralocal market integration; 3.differences in how commodities are procured (through craftsmen, traders or hauliers); 4.origin of commodities (local, regional, global); 5.transformation of patterns of consumption and commodity procurement in the 20th century. Beyond the respective ethnographic descriptions we expect the study to provide answers to the following questions of general interest: Does the global commodity market lead to a homogenization or to a localization (domestication) of the global? How do the various commodity produrement institutions (markets, expediteurs) influence consumption? How much does local vitality vary? Over and above these questions, referring specifically to the process of appropriation, we are also interested in a further issue: Are societies with a limited commodity supply to be characterized as poor? Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Project Leader: Prof. Dr. Gerd Spittler Dr. Hans Peter Hahn, Markus Verne Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project A6 The Interaction Between Local Actors and Development Experts in Mali and Burkina Faso Field of specialisation: Social Anthropology Development is one of the fundamental concepts of our time. Once issuing from Cabinet sessions of international experts, development has become a widespread concept in the most isolated villages of the Malian Sahara. But what does it mean there? While we are relatively well informed about the development debates and development experts, the interpretations of the local actors, of the rural population, and of local assistants in projects are neglected. This project concentrates on the meaning of the local concepts of development. Its aim is to determine what the affected population groups do when confronted with changing development models. The dynamic of appropriation of agricultural techniques will be analyzed. The project is comparative. Rural communities from the areas of rain water-fed agricultural land will be compared with irrigated agricultural lands; migrants from the Dogon country living in Ghana with Dogon farmers in Mali; the view of various interest groups as well: project employees and farmers, women, young men, and heads of farmsteads. It is also intended to compare the colonial and postcolonial periods. The project deals not only with the social science documentation of the largest French irrigation project in Subsaharan Africa in the colonial era. It also opens up a new research and educational perspective for young scholars within and outside Africa in cooperation with Point Sud, the Center for Research on Local Knowledge. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Project Leader: PD Dr. Mamadou Diawara Isaie Dougnon Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project A7 Local and Global Networking in the Context of Migration: Sudanese and Egyptian Immigrants in Germany and the United States Field of specialisation: Social Geography / Social Anthropology Can migrants from Africa be considered as vital protagonists of a globalized consciousness within old-established North-South-relations? This question is to be investigated by taking the example of the Egyptian and Sudanese immigrants who are staying in Germany and the United States. Focus of analysis is their social networking in the local context of the countries of destination as well as in the context of transnational (global) relationships with their countries of origin and with other parts of the diaspora. By ethnographic methods, such as qualitative network and situational analysis as well as narrative and biographical interviews, it is intended to work out criteria of social inclusion and exclusion from the actors` points of view. The central question is whether these criteria contribute to changing cultural belongings or whether a revitalization of the cultures of origin takes place through the choice of specific resources of identity from these cultures. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Project Leader: Prof. Dr. Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. Cordula Weißköppel Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project B1 African Christian movements in Nigeria and Germany between Local Context and Global Influences Field of specialisation: Religious Studies Duration: June 2000 - July 2003 The project on African Christian movements in Nigeria and Germany consists of two parts, both closely linked and related through their common focus on the localisation of Christianity and the globalisation of local, indigenous religions. The first part, Pentecostalism in Nigeria (chaired by Ulrich Berner), deals with the newest wave of Christian expansion and development in Nigeria, commonly described as 'Pentecostal' or 'Charismatic Movements'. This 'newest wave' came into existence in the 1940s, but by the 1970s and 1980s, the phenomenon had witnessed a climax in its growth rate and proliferation. These movements represent a typical example of cultural globalisation. Western (mostly North American) Christian missionary activities seem to foster a world spanning and uniform self-concept as 'born again Christian', which apparently appears to be disconnected from the local religious context, and in fact, sharply criticises non-Christian African religions. Thus, one popular perspective has been to describe this phenomenon as a globalisation process, in which Pentecostalism is perceived as emanating solely from the West and planted in Africa and other parts of the globe. To a large extent, this explanation is too unilateral and in fact, one-sided. In this project, the phenomenon will be examined from a different dimension: that is, from the point of view of 'local actors and action' and the 'local context': Does the appropriation of a global form of religiosity leave it untouched, or does it create a new form of local Pentecostalism clearly distinguishable from its North American form? This question will be investigated using the case study of the 'Redeemed Christian Church of God' (RCCG), an indigenous Nigerian Pentecostal movement whose history dates back into the 1940's. The second part of the project, African Christian Communities in Germany (chaired by Christoph Bochinger), is working on a typology of these rapidly spreading African Christian groups in Germany. It analyses the changes, innovation and resilience of local, indigenous African religious movements once they cross transcontinental borders and the transfer processes in both directions once these groups are established in a new geo-cultural context. By means of qualitative social research, case studies of two movements will be examined for purposes of comparison: the German branches of the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG), a Pentecostal church with headquarters in Nigeria; and the Christian Church Outreach Mission (CCOM), a Pentecostal church independently founded by a Ghanaian migrant and headquartered in Hamburg, Germany. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Prof. Dr. Ulrich Berner, Prof. Dr. Christoph Bochinger Dr. Afe Adogame, Asonzeh Ukah Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Januar 2001 - Juni 2003 Project B3 Local and Global Aspects of Taarab: A Popular Music Entertainment in East Africa Fields of specialisation: Literature in African Languages, Ethnomusicology Taarab as a contemporary performing art, offers a number of parameters that can be used to test some theoretical postulates on globalization. First, taarab has, from its inception in the first decades of this century, shown sustained interconnection with the development of mass media, enhancing its cross-fertilization and growth - hence the examination of the effect of media on its poetic and musical structures will be necessary. Second, taarab is said to have originated and hence associated more with 'secondary' centers, (i.e Egypt, the Gulf States and India) rather than with the 'primary' ones (i.e the West). Further spread of it at different historical conjunctures and places, from the 'multiple' centers (i.e Lamu, Mombasa and Zanzibar) to the Comoros, Madagascar, upcountry Tanzania, Burundi has added to it new dimensions and fostered unique dispersal patterns. In recent times the Swahili language taarab has been seen to take root in the Sultanate of Oman and other Gulf countries. This spread underlines the tenet that globalization is no longer synonymous with Westernization and as such the strong regional forms in taarab cosmos, offer an opportunity to study the common features and differences of many versions of taarab in relation to local and global aspects. Third, due to its readiness to experiment, innovate and modernize its musical and poetic structures using both global and local inputs, taarab also emphasizes a framework that views globalization as a complex interaction of globalizing and localizing tendencies called 'glocalization'. Within 'glocalization' perhaps, a salient feature from the point of view of 'change in quality', is a move over time by taarab, from being a male-centered entertainment to being a female-centered one, offering a rare opportunity for women to voice their gender concerns in songs and performance praxis. It is envisaged that such a change will be reflected in the poetic and musical structures as well as patterns of performance affected by both local coloration and external influences through the expanding media channels. This underlines the obligation to study a continual syncretic phenomenon of qualitative change and take an interdisciplinary approach for grasping the total meaning of taarab and its implications. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Project Leader: Prof. Dr. Said Khamis Werner Graebner, Stefanie Kolbusa Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project B4 Imagination, Aesthetic Practice, and the Global Art World Fields of specialisation: Social Anthropology and African Arts In no other area of African artistic forms of expression the special quality of what has been discussed under the key words "hybridity", "syncretization", and/or "creolization" is so clearly conveyed as in the area of visual media. From film, video and photography to contemporary sculpture and painting, the visual media reflect the compression of time and space generally attributed to globalization in numerous and often compelling ways. In fact, new image worlds have come to exist documenting the visual presence of formerly distant spheres. Though the new quality of these image worlds has been widely accepted and recognized by now, conventional approaches to understand these worlds face a limit. Neither can they be reduced to older, so called traditional roots, nor can they be seen as an imitation of the modern. Rather, what needs to be investigated is the practical and experiential meaning of these new image worlds for those who live in and with them. The departmental project, " Imagination, Aesthetic Practice, and the Global Art World", instituted in Iwalewa House and headed by Till Foerster and Peter Probst deals with this question in three regional case studies which encompass various visual media (painting, sculpture, photography, and in a later phase, also video). Serving as a 'leitmotif' of all the case studies it is argued that visual media are reproduced differently and stand in another relation to the intentionality of human action than cognitive achievements which are expressed in speech and construction of meaning. In this way the project addresses the following questions: How are the works produced from the perspective of the artists or authors and completed? It is hoped that exact and detailed knowledge of how the artists work replaces not only speculative assumptions of "how hybrid styles must have come about" but also general speculations about the "origins and intentions of art". How are the products of this artistic work perceived and adapted by the different actors and social groups, i.e. created as intentional objects? How does the particular production, reception, and adaptation of new image worlds create new or change old spaces of action? In this connection, seeing and creating prove to be active elements in the production of space. The first of the three case studies, carried out by Till Förster, is concerned with the origins of popular painting in Bamenda and Fumban in Cameroon. Attention will be given to the transformation of imagery and visual perceptions against the background of a society which has a long-standing intimate familiarity with art forms. The second case study, done by Peter Probst and Sola Ajibade, investigates the social and political consequences resulting out of the incorporation of ritual places into the global art world. Two places have chosen for this: Mua in Malawi and Osogbo in Nigeria. The third case study, conducted by Christine Scherer, addresses the origin and transformation of the art world in Zimbabwe, one of the most recent and lively art scenes on the continent. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Project Leaders: Prof. Dr. Till Förster & PD Dr. Peter Probst Christine Scherer Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project B5 Local Practice in the Global Context: Land Law in Urban and Peri-Urban Space in Benin, Ghana, and Tanzania Fields of specialisation: Law; Comparative Law; Civil Law The land law topic of this intended study is embedded in questions relating to how under the influence of globalization new local forms of land use and economic activity develop in urban and peri-urban space and in this connection new forms of social relations between the actors and which legal arrangements this leads to through the actors. At the center of the intended research lies the structure of land law, which is characterized by legal pluralism. This includes legislation as well as unwritten law, which covers numerous customary law systems in Ghana and Tanzania as well as common law. The existing legislation and the common law are based to a large extent on legal systems of the prior colonial powers, while the customary legal systems derive from the respective African cultures. Some distinguish customary law from an "unofficial" law, which is practiced ("living law") by the people in the daily operations of their legal affairs. This "unofficial" law is based on customary law, but incorporates also modern or foreign elements. The "official" law and the "unofficial" law as well as their constitutive elements in part compete and stand in conflict with each other. They mutually influence each other in different ways, even to the point of "syncretization" in the sense of fusion and development of new legal norms. In the planned project new legal phenomena which develop in the area of land law from the meeting of global and local factors as exemplified by registration of legal land titles and other methods of securing and proving land rights are to be studied. The focus of the research is to be thus on the urban, above all the peri-urban space, as here the transformation of land use is clearest and most intensive. Case studies are to be undertaken in chosen areas of the large cities of Cotonou (Benin), Accra or Kumasi (Ghana), and Dar es Salaam (Tanzania). Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Project Leader: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Spellenberg Harald Sippel, PD Dr. Ulrike Wanitzek Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project B6 Contrastive Cognitive Semantics. Conceptual structures of everyday lexemes in regional Nigerian languages and Nigerian English in relation to language and social context Fields of specialisation: African languages, English linguistics, general linguistics, cultural studies The main aim of the project is to analyse and describe the meanings of everyday lexemes in regional languages and the varieties of English in Nigeria on the basis of a cognitive semantic theory. In Cognitive Semantics, word meanings are conceived of as reflections of culture-determined cognitive structures that influence and control everyday actions. Since the language situation in Nigeria is quite complex – a large number of 'smaller' languages are superseded by few African languages with supra-regional currency, on the one hand, and several varieties of English, on the other – it is expected that in addition to extending and refining linguistic knowledge, the project will gain new insights into direct and indirect effects of globalisation on local knowledge and agency. The project starts out from the hypothesis that the conceptual structures of words are subject to a number of interacting factors: not only the language to which the words belong but also the social and cultural histories of the speech communities as well as the socio-cultural backgrounds of individual speakers (e.g. city inhabitants vs. rural population). In order to investigate this hypothesis standardised tests and interviews with speakers of several regional languages and the Nigerian varieties of English will be carried out. The methodology is borrowed from Prototype Theory, the core of Cognitive Semantics, and pursues the aim to unveil the conceptual structures behind lexemes from a range of word-fields by means of so-called 'goodness-of-example ratings', attribute listing tasks and naming tasks. The project thus addresses linguistic and conceptual effects of globalisation and is a contribution to descriptive, contrastive, inter-cultural and cognitive linguistics. In addition, it deals with the question whether the methodology of Prototype Theory is suitable for the study of non-Indoeuropean languages. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Project Leaders: Prof Dr. Dymitr Ibriszimow, Prof. Dr. Hans-Jörg Schmid Dr. Peter Gottschligg, Eva Rothmaler, Anette Volk Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project C1 Plant Knowledge of the Digo (Kenya) Compared to Scientific Botany Fields of Specialization: African Languages, Botany The project is focused on the area where the Digo live on the Kenyan coast. The Digo constitute one of the nine subgroups of the Mijikenda. Typical of all Mijikenda is group ownership of kayas ("holy forests"), the function of which has strongly diminished but the mystical meaning of which has been preserved. Botanically, the kayas have a very rich flora and fauna and are also linked to great expert knowledge. The expert knowledge is to be investigated and its systematics compared to that of scientific botany. First of all, this allows a structural comparison between a local and a (so it claims to be) universal botanical cognition system. Expert knowledge, which should allow us deeper access to a local knowledge system is probably not representative for the entirety of today's Digo society. Moreover, there are indications that this knowledge competes in part with universal botany and its terminology (e.g. in the school and in agricultural education). The possible consequences of this competition situation (thus a possible change) will be dealt with. For researching local knowledge systems and contrasting them with the universal system, a new botanical linguistic research approach will be developed in which for one, the speech (conceptually) fixated knowledge and the non-speech (recognizable in practices) knowledge will be examined in the same way. Secondly, for the first time, the field research methods and tools from both disciplines will be developed and used in common, whereas so far in ethnobotanical research, only one particular discipline has served as a support for the other. The many commonalties between the Digo and neighboring Swahilis in plant nomenclature raise a suspicion that there were historical relationships between both language groups, which could be interpreted as an earlier "universalization" of the local Digo knowledge. This is to be dealt with in a subproject. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Project Leaders: Prof. Dr. Erwin Beck, Prof. Dr. Gudrun Miehe, Prof. Dr. Franz Rottland Dr. Ulrich Schulz-Burgdorf Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2001 - Juni 2003 Project C3 Ancient Semitic Globalization and Subsaharan Africa: The Evidence of the New Year Festivals Field of specialisation: African History; Historical Anthropology The project aims to explore the early Semitic forms of globalization in Black Africa on the basis of rituals in the New Year festivals. In continuation of the studies already done by the project applicant on the Gani festival of the Hausa and the Itapa festival of the Yoruba, two other African New Year festivals will be examined in regard to their being shaped possibly by the Semitic or Canaanite-Phoenician New Year's festival. An important criterion for the choice of the African festivals is their name: in West Africa, Gani (not limited to just the Hausa), and on the east coast of Africa, Nairuzi. Notwithstanding the fact that both names appear to indicate an origin outside Africa, the names serve for purposes of this project as a key linguistic fossil for delineating the geographical and ethnic space taken into consideration. Methodologically systematic comparisons between the above mentioned African and the Canaanite New Year festivals will be used. This is not a matter of a comparison of individual cultural features, but rather the systematic contrast of all significant moments of the respective New Year's festivals. This intended point-for-point parallelism should make it possible first of all to substantiate the considerable age of the cultural forms examined in Africa. On the basis of the density and character of the parallels, the forms of Phoenician-Canaanite cultural expansion in Black Africa should be able to be ascertained in more detail. The following general principle will be used for the evaluation: The narrower the relationship, the stronger the impact of the ancient globalizing tendencies. In case of evidence of Israeli elements in the ritual or in the legends of the festival, a specific Hebrew migration in connection with the collapse of the Northern Kingdom (Israel) and of Judah is to be taken into account. In case of evidence of purely Canaanite elements, forms of cultural expansion, by which also slow population shifts and trade relations could have played an important role, are to be cons idered. In both cases the prevailing idea of ancient Africa remaining in cultural isolation before the spread of Christianity and Islam is to be corrected. The European influences of the modern age and the globalization of the post-colonial era then would have encountered in Africa, apart from the specifically African elements, also the remains of an ancient culture with an unexpected global dimension: The once global would have become today's local by means of the changes at the centre of the world and by means of its partial preservation on the periphery. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Prof. Dr. Dierk Lange Ulrich Rinn Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project C4 Islamic Education in East Africa in the Context of Processes of Globalization Field of specialisation: Islamic Studies The relationship between local forms of Islam in East Africa and influences coming from the outside Islamic and non-Islamic world has often been characterized by tensions. These tensions constitute the topic of our research project. The purpose of the project is to enhance our understanding as to how the process of globalization affects Muslims in local contexts. In the present phase of the project the focus is on the development of Muslim education and institutions of Islamic learning on the East African coast during the 20th century. Research will be conducted in Zanzibar (Tanzania) and in the city of Mombasa (Kenya). The relevance of the study of Muslim education for the general theme of the local-global relationship is derived from a number of factors: Education is situated at the interface of a variety of local and global influences. Thus, the study allows us to examine social and religious developments from the perspective of Muslim education. Our approach is not restricted to the study of what is taught, but it comprises the question of how various Muslim actors try to influence social and political dynamics through their activities within the field of education. The often conflicting interaction between local Islamic teaching traditions and Muslim reform movements inspired from Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Sudan, Iran and Pakistan manifests itself in the establishment of 'modern' schools and new concepts of teaching. In addition, Western secular educational models have stimulated Muslims to develop new approaches to education. The debate about different concepts of Muslim education reflects the complexities of the ongoing transformation in Muslim communities in East Africa. By studying Islamic education, we hope to show how Muslims negotiate their religious and political orientation against the background of the globalization process. In terms of methodology, the research draws upon network analysis. We also intend to study the biographies of Muslim teachers and scholars with particular emphasis on their respective intellectual, political and social background. This approach allows us to analyze their role as 'brokers' at the interface of local and global influences. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): PD Dr. Roman Loimeier Dr. Rüdiger Seesemann Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project C5 Irrigation on Kilimanjaro Field of specialisation: Social Anthropology (including Ethnotheory, Cultural History, and African Linguistics Apart from "globalization" in the narrow sense of the term as a phenomenon of the last 3-4 decades, one can see preliminary forms which displayed homogenizing effects similar to the "global" in the course of the last centuries and millennia. The project at hand is to compare the circumstances, the course, and results which led or still lead to the introduction and local adaptation of technologies of irrigation economies, accompanying socioeconomic forms of organization and their legal reflexes as well as legitimating systems of belief on Kilimanjaro in Tanzania in each of three different historical epochs. The three irrigation systems are briefly as follows: The pre-colonial system (A) lies in the traditional settlement areas (Chagga) on the slope of Kilimanjaro. Its establishment goes back a number of centuries, how far is unknown. Its technology is indigenous-autarchic. Its legal organizational form was already characterized as "quasi" feudalistic and elements of an accompanying pre-Islamic Arabic religion can be recognized, at least provisionally, in the accompanying belief system. The colonial system (B) was added on directly under the preceding system on the mountain slope. It was constructed in 1956 in the new settler zone then established by the British colonial government. Its technology is simple but modern (e.g. with reinforced concrete). The legal organizational form was (presumably) by democratic vote and western-cooperative, and the accompanying belief system was Christian. The postcolonial system (C) lies beneath the preceding system in the valley which is only sporadically inhabited. It became operational only in 1987 as a Japanese development project to increase the wet rice production of Tanzania. Its technology is agro-industrial. The legal organizational form is that of a land owning irrigation business with a large number of small tenants, and the accompanying belief system was initially Marxist. The study of systems B and C should need only a moderate amount of effort in terms of time and means so that it can be done in the form of a doctoral research. System A will require much more. For example, the problem of processing the anticipated large number of vernacular language texts will be solved by bringing mother-tongue assistants to Bayreuth during the semester time. Important information is expected to be gained from a study trip to Yemen (North and South) for comparative reasons. Work on system B, concluding the work on system A, and consolidating the results in a comparison of all three systems are all foreseen for the second phase of the entire Research Project (FK). An important natural science component incorporated into this departmental project is a mapping of circa 20-30 main canals of system A, eventually with help of aerial photographs. A prehistoric excavation is to clear up the age of system A. For this work I wish to engage a Tanzanian geographer and prehistorian. A 4-wheel drive cross country vehicle is necessary in order to carry out the required participatory-observant research for 2 -3 dozen canal cooperatives in a 100 km radius. A motorbike will be needed for the doctoral researches on systems A and C. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Prof. Dr. Christoph Winter} Jigal Beez Funding institution (contract number): DFG Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Project C6 Disasters and Crises: Local Interpretation, Prevention and Coping within the Context of External Influences Field of specialisation: Development Sociology Disasters attract global media interest in this information society and both emergency aid and disaster relief are central to development cooperation. Public opinion considers these measures to be positive as an expression of committed humanitarianism. Disasters as such just as the need for and the question whether aid makes sense do not appear to require any further justification. Debates within the social sciences seem to offer at least some points for a more detailed analysis. The sociology of disasters as well as the critique of development aid have led to a differentiated disaster concept, one which is more open to social processes. At the same time as the relevance of the local perspective is acknowledged it tends to be reduced to the issue of how communities functionally secure their survival. A more precise understanding of crises and disasters requires the articulation of different approaches to interpretation, i.e. global reference systems based on scientific results on the one hand, and local practices and perception on the other. The concept "local knowledge" provides a useful starting point for analyzing the local perspective which, as yet, has not been used consistently to approach the subject of crises and disasters. Moreover, the theoretical implications related to the sociology of knowledge underlying the conceptual and methodological framework of this type of approach (research in the field of sociology of knowledge within the context of a foreign culture) have not been taken up. The aim of this study is to describe and analyze the local interpretation, prevention and control of crises and disasters on the basis of Mozambique as an empirical example. Underpinning this aim is the central conceptual question concerning the constitution of (local) knowledge about crises and disasters and the articulation of external (global) influences with local interpretations and concrete social practices. The research question is based on the assumption that prevention and coping are essentially structured by the actors according to dominant interpretations of crises and disasters. Interpretations, however, are assumed to be based on local knowledge. Local knowledge is in itself dynamic and flexible and constitutes itself by combining locally available knowledge (including explanatory frameworks) with externally accessible knowledge as well as conceptual innovations. External knowledge (partly based on Christianity, partly on science) lays claim to a universal interpretation framework to an extent where external scientifically influenced notions come into opposition with local knowledge and interpretations. This study deals both with the resulting tense relationship and the mutual influence that local and external (global) knowledge have on each other. The study is based mainly on fieldwork spread over several stages using qualitative social research methods (guideline interviews, narrative interviews, group discussions, indirect observation) supplemented by standard procedures. Additionally, it is envisaged that archival research and analysis of official documents and "grey" publications be undertaken in order to study external (global) influences. Principle Investigator (at the University of Bayreuth): Prof. Dr. Dieter Neubert Dr. Elísio Macamo Duration: Juli 2000 - Juni 2003 Publications Ausgewählte Publikationen ab 2000 Adogame, Afeosemime U. 2001 Clearing New Paths Into an Old Forest: Aladura Christianity in Europe; in: J.K. Olupona (ed.): Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity; London/New York: Routledge. Berner, Ulrich im Druck Reflections upon the concept of New Religious Movements, in: A. Geertz/R.McCutcheon (eds.), Method and Theory in the IAHR. 2001a Globalisierung und Synkretisierung; in: Martin, Jean Hubert (ed.): Altäre. Kunst zum Niederknien; Düsseldorf, pp. 30-37. 2001b Synkretismus, in: Handbuch religionswissenschaftlicher Grundbegriffe, V, Stuttgart, pp. 143-152. 2001c The Notion of Syncretism in Historical and/or Empirical Research; Historical Reflections/Reflexions Historiques, 27, pp. 499-509. Bochinger, Christoph im Druck Abenteuer Islam. Zur Wahrnehmung fremder Religion im Hallenser Pietismus des 18. Jahrhunderts (Habilitationsschrift, Univ. München 1996). 2001 Globalisierung der Religion? Transkontinentale Ausbreitung lokaler religiöser Bewegungen im Schnittpunkt von Indigenisierung und Entgrenzung; in: Bauer, U., Egbert, H. & F. Jäger (eds.): Interkulturelle Beziehungen und Kulturwandel in Afrika. Beiträge zur Globalisierungsdebatte; Frankfurt a.M: Peter Lang, pp. 197-212. Bühler, Brigitte 2002 "All Pipol Komot Fo Kimi, All." Interfaces and Dynamics Between Local and Administrative Histories Among the Wiya (Cameroon); in: Axel Harneit-Sievers (ed.): A Place in the World. New Local Historiographies from Africa and South-Asia; Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, pp.135-158.Anna-Maria Brandstetter & Dieter Neubert Conrad, S.; Macamo, E. & Zimmermann, B. 2002 Postkoloniale Transformation in Afrika. Zur Neubestimmung der Soziologie der Dekolonisation. Berlin, Hamburg, Münster: Lit Verlag. 2000 Die Kodifizierung von Arbeit. In: J. Kocka & C. Offe (eds.): Geschichte und Zukunft der Arbeit, Frankfurt am Main: Campus. Demirag, U., Gottschligg, P. & J. Krohmer 2001 La perception de l'environne-ment et les migrations chez les pasteurs Peuls du Nigeria, Burkina Faso et Bénin; in: Proceedings of the International Symposium 1999; Frankfurt/Main: pp. 307-320 [Berichte des SFB 268, 14]. Dombrowsky-Hahn, Klaudia im Druck Phénomènes de contact entre les langues minyanka et bambara (Sud du Mali). Monographies Voltaiques. Köln: Köppe Verlag. Förster, Till 2001a La peinture populaire. La figuration à travers Middle Art et les enseignes publicitaires en Afrique; in: Revue Noire, 21,3. 2001b Heinrich Barth: Reisen und Entdeckungen in Nord- und Central-Afrika in den Jahren 1849 bis 1855; in: Kohl, Karl-Heinz (ed.): Hauptwerke der Ethnologie; Stuttgart: Alfred Kröner Verlag. 2001c Einleitung; in: Förster, Till (ed.): Kunst-Spiegelungen der Moderne; Köln: Köppe, pp. 7?14.2001d Wiedersehen mit den Toten. Eine Ethnographie der Medien in Westafrika; in: Behrend, Heike (ed.): Geist, Bild und Narr. Zu einer Ethnologie kultureller Konversionen. Festschrift für Fritz Kramer; Frankfurt a.M. 2001e Parallelen ? Einblicke in die zeitgenössische Kunst Zimbabwes; in: Förster, Till (ed.): Kunst aus Zimbabwe ? Kunst in Zimbabwe; Köln: Köppe, pp. 8?13.2001f Anders als alle Anderen. Eigenheit und Differenz in der populären Kultur Afrikas; in: Förster, Till (ed.): African Styles. Kleidung und Mode in Afrika; Köln: Köppe-Verlag, pp. 6?15.2001g Kunst; in: Mabe, Jacob (ed.): Afrika Lexikon; Stuttgart: Metzler, pp. 326?331.2001h Schnitzerei; in: Mabe, Jacob (ed.): Afrika Lexikon; Stuttgart: Metzler, pp. 539?540.2001i Schwarzafrikanische Kunst, in: Mabe, Jacob (ed.): Afrika Lexikon; Stuttgart: Metzler, pp. 545?546.2001j Ritual; in: Mabe, Jacob (ed.): Afrika Lexikon; Stuttgart: Metzler, pp. 524?525.2001k Divination; in: Mabe, Jacob (ed.): Afrika Lexikon; Stuttgart: Metzler, pp. 131?132.2001l Fest; in: Mabe, Jacob (ed.): Afrika Lexikon; Stuttgart: Metzler, pp. 173?174.2001m Côte d'Ivoire; in: Mabe, Jacob (ed.): Afrika Lexikon; Stuttgart: Metzler, pp. 121?123. 2001n Sehen und Beobachten. Ethnographie nach der Postmoderne; Sozialer Sinn, 3, pp. 469ff. Förster, Till (ed.): 2001a Kunst-Spiegelungen der Moderne; Köln: Köppe. 2001b Kunst aus Zimbabwe ? Kunst in Zimbabwe; Köln: Köppe.2001c African Styles. Kleidung und Mode in Afrika; Köln: Köppe. Graebner, Werner 1998 Modern and popular music in East Africa. The Encyclopedia of Sub-Saharan Africa, ed. by John Middleton. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1999 Tanzania / Kenya - Taarab: The Swahili Coastal Sound'. In: The Rough Guide to World Music. Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, ed. by Simon Broughton et al., pp 690-697. London: Rough Guides / Penguin. 2000 Ngoma ya ukae: Competitive social structure in Tanzanian dance music songs." In: Mashindano! Competitive music performance in East Africa, ed. by Frank Gunderson and Gregory Bartz, pp. 295-318. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota. 2001 Twarab ya Shingazidja: A first approach; Swahili Forum, VIII, pp. 129-143. [=AAP 68] 2002 Twarab: A Comorian music between two worlds; Kabaro [La Reunion] 2,1-2. Hassan, Jidda and J. Owens 2000 Making a Fish of a Friend: Waris, the Secret Language of Arabic Koranic School Students in Borno. In: J. Owens (ed.), Arabic as a Minority Language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 221-258. Himonga, Ch.; H. Sippel, U. Spellenberg 2001 Konflikte zwischen kulturellen Rechten und ökonomischem Handeln in Südafrika und Namibia. In: Recht in Afrika, pp. 177-191. Khamis, Said A.M. 2000 Heterogeneity of Swahili Literature, Nordic. In: Journal of African Studies, Vol. 9, Nov. 2001a Universal Elements in Mohamed S. Mohamed's Short Story: Mateso (forthcoming), Swahili. In: Journal of the Institute of Kiswahili Research University od, Dar-es-salaam 2001b Fabulation and Politics of the 90s in Kezilahabi's Novel: Nagona, African Languages Literature in the Political Context of the 1990s. In: Bayreuth African Studies, 56. 2001c Classicism in Shaaban Robert's Utopian Novel, Kusadikika. In: Research in African Literature, Vol. 32, No.1, Spring. im Druck Signs of a New Trend in the Swahili Novel, (forthcoming). In: Journal of African Studies, Moscow University. Ibriszimow, Dimitry 2001a Afroasiatisch; in: Mabe, J.E. (ed.): Das Afrika-Lexikon. Ein Kontinent in 1000 Stichwörtern; Stuttgart: Peter Hammer/J.B. Metzler, pp. 12f 2001b Tschadisch; in: Mabe, J.E. (ed.): Das Afrika-Lexikon. Ein Kontinent in 1000 Stichwörtern; Stuttgart: Peter Hammer/J.B. Metzler, pp. 654f. Ibriszimow, D., Kawka, R., Löhr, D., Mtaku, Ch., Vogels R. & I. Maina Waziri 2001 Historical Implications of a Linguistic Environment ? Towards a Systemic Approach; Proceedings of the International Symposium 1999, Frankfurt a.M.: SFB, pp. 179-190. [=Berichte des SFB 268, 14]Ibriszimow, D., Leger, R. & U. Seibert (eds.) 2001 Von Ägypten zum Tschadsee. Eine linguistische Reise durch Afrika. Festschrift für Herrmann Jungraithmayr zum 65. Geburtstag; Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, im Auftrag der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 53, 3, Würzburg: Ergon. Im Druck. (mit K. Brunk) ALASS?GIS: A geolinguistic approach towards Chadic lexicon, in: Proceedings of the Chadic Conference, Leipzig 2001 Im Druck. (mit V. Porkhomovsky) Towards a typology of kinship terms and systems in Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic): I. West Chadic and Modern South Arabian, in: Proceedings of the Chadic Conference, Leipzig 2001. Khamis, Said A.M. 2001a Mohamed S. Mohamed's Short Story "Mateso"; Journal of the Institute of Kiswahili Research, University of Dar-es-salaam. 2001b Fabulation and Politics of the 90s in Kezilahabi's Novel: Nagona; African Languages Literature in the Political Context of the 1990s. [Bayreuth African Studies, 56] 2001c Classicism in Shaaban Robert's Utopian Novel: Kusadikika; Research in African Literature, 32,1. 2001d Redefining taarab in relation to local and global influences; Swahili Forum, VIII, pp. 145-156. [=AAP 68] Lange, Dierk 2000 Jesus und das Auferstehungsfest der Yoruba, in: U. Engel et al. (eds.), Afrika 2000, Leipzig 30. März bis 1. April, CD-Rom, Münster, Lit-Verlag, 12 p. Loimeier, Roman (ed.) 2000 Die islamische Welt als Netzwerk. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Netzwerkansatzes im islamischen Kontext. Würzburg: Ergon Macamo, Elisio 2000 Agem, portanto, sabem: Esboço duma etnografia do saber, In: E. Costa Dias/J. Morgado (ed.): A transmissão de saberes em África, Lissabon: Livraria Bertrand. 2001a Die protestantische Ethik und die Geister Afrikas, In: U. Bauer;/H. Egbert/F. Jäger (ed.): Interkulturelle Beziehungen und Kulturwandel in Afrika. Beiträge zur Globalisierungsdebatte. Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang Verlag. 2001b Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose: Wandel und Politik in Mosambik; in: Augel, J. & P. Meyns (eds.): Transformationsprobleme im portugiesischsprachigen Afrika; Hamburg: Institut für Afrika-Kunde. Neubert, Dieter 2000a Le rôle des courtiers locaux dans le système du développement. Quelques expériences de 'projets d'autopromotion' en Afrique de l'Est. In: T. Bierschenk; J.-P. Chauveau & J.-P. Olivier de Sardan (eds.), Courtiers en développement. Les villages africains en quête de projets. Paris: Karthala, APAD, 243-259.2000b Poverty alleviation as intervention in complex and dynamic social fields. Stuttgart: Institute of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences in the Tropics and Subtropics, Discussion Paper 01/2000. 2000c A new magic term is not enough. Participatory approaches in agricultural research. In: Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 25-50 2001a Die Globalisierung eines Organisationsmodells. Nicht-Regierungsorganisationen in Afrika; in: Bauer, U., Egbert, H. & F. Jäger (eds.): Interkulturelle Beziehungen und Kulturwandel in Afrika. Beiträge zur Globalisierungsdebatte; Frankfurt a.M.: Peter Lang, pp. 51-69. 2001b Entwicklungssoziologie: empirische Wende und Ansätze zur neuen Theoriebildung; Soziologie, 3, pp. 48-63. 2001c Entwicklung unter dem Mikroskop. Der akteurstheoretische Ansatz; Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit, 42,7/8, pp. 216-219. 2002 Einleitung: Afrikaforschung im Wandel. Von der Soziologie der Dekolonisation zur postkolonialen Transformation; in: Brandstetter, Anna-Maria & Neubert, Dieter (eds.): Postkoloniale Transformation in Afrika. Zur Neubestimmung der Soziologie der Dekolonisation; Berlin, Hamburg, Münster: Lit, pp. 9-25. Neubert, Dieter & Cloerkes, Günther 2001 Behinderung und Behinderte in verschiedenen Kulturen. Eine vergleichende Analyse ethnologischer Studien; Heidelberg: Edition Schindele (3rd. Ed). Neubert, Dieter & Reusswig, Fritz 2001 Zur globalen Konstruktion sozialer Naturordnungen: Einleitung; in: Allmendinger, Jutta (ed.): Gute Gesellschaft? Verhandlungen des 30. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie; Opladen: Leske + Budrich, pp. 703-709. Owens, Jonathan (ed.) 2000a Arabic as a Minority Language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 2000b Introduction to Arabic as a Minority Language. in J. Owens (ed.), Arabic as a Minority Language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter: p.1-33. im Druck Arabic Sociolinguistics. Arabica Popp, Herbert 2000a REMIGRATION NADOR III: Die landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung in der Provinz Nador (Marokko) unter dem Einfluss der Arbeitsemigration - Le développement agricole dans la province de Nador (Maroc) sous l'effet de l'émigration internationale du travail. 168 S. Passau: L.I.S.-Verlag (= Maghreb-Studien, H. 7) [zusammen mit Abdellatif Bencherifa] 2000b Trekking-Tourismus im Hohen Atlas. Beispiel für nachhaltigen Tourismus in einer Peripherregion? Geographische Rundschau 52, H. 2, S. 4-10 [zusammen mit Mohamed Aït Hamza] 2000c Kultur-Trekking im Zentralen Hohen Atlas. Wanderkarte 1:100.000. Passau: L.I.S.-Verlag [zusammen mit Mohamed Aït Hamza] 2000d Wüstentourismus in Nordafrika. Geographische Rundschau 52, H. 9, S. 52-59. 2000e Reisen bildet - Klischees bleiben. >forschung<. Das Magazin der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, H. 1, S. 4-7. 2001a Travel educates - Clichés persist. >german research<. Magazine of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, H. 1, S. 4-7. 2001b Neue Tourismusformen in den nordafrikanischen Mittelmeerländern. Ein Beitrag zur Regionalentwicklung peripherer Räume?. In: Herbert Popp (Hrsg.): Neuere Trends in Tourismus und Freizeit. Passau: L.I.S.-Verlag, S. 19-25 (= Bayreuther Kontaktstudium Geographie, Bd. 1) 2001c Weltkulturerbe Aït Ben Haddou (Marokko). Lokale Vermarktung eines Standortes von globalem Interesse. Geographische Rundschau 53, H. 6, S. 44-49. 2001d Die Wahrnehmung der Sahara. Stereotypen über eine Wüstenregion und ihre touristische Vermarktung. Praxis Geographie, H. 7/8, S. 4-9. 2001e Bilaterale Hochschulkooperation Bayreuth-Rabat zur Ausbildung geographischer Experten für die Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. In: Studium in Deutschland - und was danach? Hochschulkooperationen und Nachkontaktarbeit im Rahmen der entwicklungspolitischen Zusammenarbeit. Wiesbaden, S. 38-47 (= Auszeit. Zeitschrift des German World University Service 42, Nr. 3/4, 2001). 2001f Les colloques maroco-allemands et leur rôle dans le partenariat scientifique en sciences humaines. In: Mohamed Berriane und Andreas Kagermeier (Hrsg.): Le Maroc à la veille du troisième millenaire - Défis, chances et risques d'un développement durable. Actes du 6ème colloque maroco-allemand de Paderborn 2000. Rabat, S. 19-25 (= Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines de Rabat, Série: Colloques et Séminaires, Nr. 93). 2002a Ferner Nachbar Nordafrika. Humangeographische Forschungen zu Wirtschaft und Kultur. Spektrum. Zeitschrift der Universität Bayreuth, Nr. 1/2, S. 12-15 [zusammen mit Detlef Müller-Mahn] 2002b "African Development Studies in Geography". Zwei neue internationale BA-/MA-Studiengänge an der Universität Bayreuth. Spektrum. Zeitschrift der Universität Bayreuth, Nr. 1/2, S. 12-15 [zusammen mit Fouad Ibrahim und Detlef Müller-Mahn] Probst, Peter 2000a. Picture Dance. Reflections on Nyau Image and Experience. Iwalewa Forum, Vol. 3/1. 2000b Mischung und Moderne, in: B. Streck (ed.) Wörterbuch für Ethnologie. Wuppertal: Peter Hammer im Druck Ritual, Spaces and the Dialectics of Tradition, in: T. Otto & P. Pedderson (eds.), Anthropology and the Revival of Tradition. London: Routledge 2001a Traumwerk, Bildwerk, Kunstwerk: Visualität und ästhetische Praxis in Oshogbo, Nigeria. In: B. Schnepel (Hrsg.) Nach Freud. Kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven der Traumforschung. Köln: R. Köppe. 2001b Bild und Weltbild. Zentrale Verschiebungen in einem marginalen Thema; in: Behrend, H. (ed.): Geist, Bild und Narr. Zu einer Ethnologie kultureller Konversionen. Festschrift für Fritz Kramer; Berlin: Philo Verlag, pp.207-223. 2001c Matrilinearität; in: Maabe, E. (ed.): Afrikalexikon; Kröner: Stuttgart, p.283. 2001d Krankheit und Heilung; in: Maabe, E. (ed.): Afrikalexikon; Kröner: Stuttgart, p.317-318. 2001e Traum; in: Maabe, E. (ed.): Afrikalexikon; Kröner: Stuttgart, p. 647. 2001f Siegfried Nadel, Foundations of Anthropology; in: Kohl, K.H. & Feest, C. (ed.): Hauptwerke der Ethnologie; Stuttgart: Metzler, pp. 337-341 2002a Expansion and Enclosure. Ritual Landscapes and the Politics of Space in Central Malawi; Journal of Southern African Studies, 28, pp. 179-198. 2002b Kalumbas Tänzer und Malandas Zorn. Polyzentrische Öffentlichkeit und die Kraft des Performativen in Zentralmalawi; Paideuma, 48. 2002c Introduction: Entangled Meanings & Cherished Visions; in: G. Deutsch, P. Probst & H. Schmidt (eds.): African Modernities. Entangled Meanings and Current Debate; London/New York: James Currey & Heineman. Jan-Georg Deutsch, Peter Probst & Heike Schmidt (eds.): 2001 African Modernities. Entangled Meanings in Current Debate. London/New York: James Currey & Heineman. Rottland, F & M. im Druck Mous. Dqatooga and Iraqw: a comparison of subsistence vocabulary. In: Ibriszimow, D. , R. Leger und U. 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